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Middle East

Combining in-depth local knowledge with incisive comparative analysis to examine economic, socio-political, and strategic interests in the Arab world.

Egypt’s Next President

Marina Ottaway analyzes the presidential election in Egypt and its likely outcome. | عربي

Resource | Guide to Egypt's Transition

War in the Sudan

Marina Ottaway analyzes the tensions between Sudan and South Sudan and the challenges that both sides face.

Constitution Making in Tunisia

Duncan Pickard writes that Tunisia's Constituent Assembly must respond to the country's growing impatience about the slow progress on legislative issues.

The Coming Tests of the Syrian Opposition

Yezid Sayigh says that the opposition must navigate rifts in Syria if they hope to tip the balance against a determined and resilient regime.

Tribal Governance and Stability in Yemen

Nadwa Al-Dawsari writes that tribal governance and conflict resolution traditions will play a part in helping to ease tensions during Yemen's political transition.

The Ayatollah Under the Bed(sheets)

Karim Sadjadpour says that the Iranian regime's approach toward sex is marked by expediency.

 
  • Iran

    Don't Rush to War with Iran

    Karim Sadjadpour argues that the challenge set by Iran’s nuclear program is a post-American challenge.

  • Yemen

    Building a Better Yemen

    Charles Schmitz writes that a capable and legitimate state is even more essential to Yemen’s economic future than the presence of natural resources.

  • Syria

    The Syrian National Council

    Yezid Sayigh says the Syrian National Council needs to develop a roadmap for the transfer of power instead of simply demanding the departure of Assad.

  • Iran

    Iran’s Limited Escape Options

    Karim Sadjadpour explains that Ayatollah Khamanei’s concern that U.S. policy is regime change, not behavior change, is becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.

  • Islamist Parties

    Islamists in Power

    High-level representatives of Islamist parties from Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan, and Libya participated in a conference convened by the Carnegie Endowment.

  • Egypt

    Egypt's Transition Imbroglio

    Nathan Brown writes that the rapid developments over the past month have shown that legal and constitutional loopholes have the potential to seriously undermine Egypt’s democratic transition.

     
  • Western Sahara

    Simmering Discontent in the Western Sahara

    Anouar Boukhars writes that Morocco’s friends in the West, especially the United States and France, must pressure Rabat to expedite a significant devolution of power to the Western Sahara to limit the threat of instability.

  • Mauritania

    Mauritania’s Islamists

    Alex Thurston writes that Islamists in Mauritania, an important political force, are not currently a threat to the United States as the mainstream of the movement appears committed to democracy and unlikely to take power.

  • Syria

    Hurting Stalemate in Syria

    Yezid Sayigh writes that the Assad regime cannot win in Syria, but it certainly can resist and prolong the conflict.

    Sayigh | Syrian Stalemate?

  • Egypt

    Egypt’s Judges

    Nathan Brown writes that an independent judiciary in Egypt could provide for a more liberal and pluralistic order but also one that is less coherent and democratic.

  • Palestine

    The Hamas-Fatah Deal

    Nathan Brown writes that at this point, Hamas and Fatah have reached only an agreement to agree. It remains to be seen how much more they can accomplish.

  • Iraq

    The State of Iraq

    Marina Ottaway and Danial Kaysi write that Iraq's future depends on whether the political factions can find it in `their interest to forge a real compromise.

  • Turkey

    Turkey's Response to the Syria Crisis

    Bayram Balci writes that while Turkey considers its options and resolutions stall in the United Nations, Ankara is preparing for a post-Assad Syria. 

  • Egypt

    Egypt's Muddy Waters

    Nathan Brown writes that the decision to abandon its pledge not to run a presidential candidate is a strong indication of the the Brotherhood’s conversion to a fully political logic.

  • Egypt

    Egypt’s Unfinished Revolution?

    Yezid Sayigh says Egypt needs to negotiate numerous important issues, especially the relationship between the civilian authorities and the armed forces.

  • Palestine

    Is Hamas Mellowing?

    Nathan Brown writes that Hamas’s steps toward reconciliation with Fatah are significant, but they do not yet represent any clear commitment to a different path.

  • Saudi Arabia

    Why Won't Saudi Arabia Write Down its Laws?

    Nathan Brown writes that the Arab uprisings may have taken the wind out of the sails of current Saudi Arabian judicial reform efforts. 

  • Arab Monarchies

    Chance for Reform, Yet Unmet

    Marina Ottaway and Marwan Muasher write that Arab monarchs have a chance to embark on a path of reform, but the window to act is closing.

  • Egypt

    The Evolution within the Revolution

    Nathan Brown writes that a number of longer-term trends engendered by the revolution that may gradually make the Egyptian state of the future very different from the one of the past half century.

  • Egypt

    Getting Priorities Right: American NGOs and U.S.-Egypt Relations

    Marina Ottaway writes that both the Egyptian government and the United States must keep in mind that the future of bilateral relations is much more important than the future of U.S. NGOs in Egypt.

  • Iran

    The Revolution Turns 33

    Karim Sadjadpour writes that thirty-three years after the revolution, under a reeling economy, the leaders of Iran are struggling to maintain the viability of the Islamic Republic and are increasingly turning to the military instead of the mosque to do so.

  • Egypt

    Egypt’s Transition: Finding a Way Out of the Vicious Circle

    Marina Ottaway writes that one year after the Egyptian military forced President Mubarak from office, Egypt is caught in a vicious circle that risks derailing its move toward democracy, leading to more uncertainty and violence. 

  • Egypt

    Brotherhood Prepares for Power in Egypt

    Nathan Brown writes that with scant governing experience, Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood must face the challenges and pressures of power in a complicated political transition.

  • Democracy

    Washington’s Bow to Mideast Monarchs

    Thomas Carothers writes that a stark division underlies U.S. policy in the Middle East, where serious efforts to bolster democratic transitions in parts of the region are carried out alongside firm support for most of the remaining non-democratic governments. 

 

In Memoriam: Christopher Boucek

Dear Friend,

I write to share the sad and shocking news that our colleague and friend Chris Boucek died of a heart attack on November 2 at home.

Chris joined the Carnegie Endowment’s Middle East program near the outset of his career. He not only met but far exceeded our expectations. As those of you who know his work appreciate, he made a big impact in many communities in the Middle East and in the US.  In a very short time, he built up a unique body of expertise on Islamic extremism in the Arabian Peninsula and the Sahel. He had recently returned from Yemen, full of thoughtful analysis on where the region was heading. From academia to the military, his insights and advice were in wide demand.  He was also a sparklingly nice human being, of quiet warmth and humor who leaves a very big hole behind. We will miss him deeply: he was an admired colleague and a great friend.

We invite you to contribute your thoughts and memories of Chris to a book we are preparing for his family. If you would like to contribute a comment, please fill out the form below. Your note will be included in the book.

A memorial education fund for Chris's young daughters has been established, and gifts can be sent to:

College of America
c/o Raymond James & Associates, Inc.,
Attention: M.S. McCormick
550 West Washington Street, Suite 1050
Chicago, Illinois
60661

In Sadness,
Jessica Mathews

Sada

News Out of the Middle East and North Africa

Featured Event
Thursday, April 5, 2012 Washington, D.C.

Islamists in Power: Views from Within

Islamist parties will have a dominant impact on the outcome of Arab transitions, but there is little understanding in Washington of what that will mean for governing.

More Events
  • Friday, May 4, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    A Discussion with Amr Hamzawy

    Amr Hamzawy, one of Egypt’s best known liberal members of parliament and one of the founding members of the Carnegie Middle East program, returned to Carnegie to discuss the transition in Egypt and the nature of the political process.

  • Monday, May 7, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Iran, Oil Prices, and the Global Economy

    With tighter sanctions on Iran scheduled to go into effect in the second half of this year, global oil prices could spike further, adding uncertainty to fragile global economic prospects.

  • Thursday, April 19, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Democracy and Human Rights in Iran: A Conference in Honor of Siamak Pourzand

    Even as the policy debate has intensified over Iran, the struggle of Iranians to advance democracy and human rights under increasingly repressive conditions is too often being overlooked.

  • Monday, April 16, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Negotiating with Iran: Istanbul and Its Aftermath

    Nuclear negotiations between Iran and the P5+1 group are scheduled for April 13 and 14 in Istanbul. Is it possible for the United States to successfully engage Iran, or are negotiations with Tehran an exercise in futility?

  • Tuesday, March 27, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Palestine: Economic Challenges and Political Implications

    The Palestinian economy made significant advances in recent years under Prime Minister Salam Fayyad, yet questions remain regarding the sustainability of such progress in light of the ongoing diplomatic stalemate with Israel.

  • Friday, March 9, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Libyan Prime Minister Abdel-Rahim El Keib

    Libyan Prime Minister Abdel-Rahim El Keib discussed Libya’s political transition and the future of U.S.-Libya relations.

  • Monday, February 27, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    The Egyptian Revolution: Challenges and Future Prospects

    In June, Egypt will hold its first presidential election since the fall of the Mubarak regime with profound implications for the transition from military to civilian rule.

  • Friday, February 24, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    The Battle for Power in Iran

    As the Islamic Republic of Iran prepares for parliamentary elections in March, it remains unclear who controls the country - the clerics or the military.

  • Tuesday, February 14, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    The State of Iraq

    Iraq is facing a new crisis as the government of national unity is under severe strain and sectarian tensions increase.

  • Thursday, February 2, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Transition in Libya: The Next Steps

    The Libyan transition has entered the difficult phase of creating a new political system, which will be shaped by both formal and informal processes.

  • Wednesday, January 25, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Awakening Arab Innovation

    As the Arab Awakening continues to unfold, the region’s future will hinge on whether greater political freedoms in countries like Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya can be harnessed to produce innovation, economic growth, and a true knowledge economy.

  • Tuesday, January 24, 2012 Washington, D.C.
    Salafis in Yemen: Caught in the Revolution?

    The Salafi movement in Yemen has historically been mostly apolitical, but the 2011 uprising has deeply transformed the Islamist camp.

Related Publications
  • Carnegie Paper, October 2011
    Education for Citizenship in the Arab World: Key to the Future

    Education needs to be reformed in the Arab world to empower its citizens, despite resistance from governments and the religious opposition. Otherwise political and economic development will not be sustainable.

  • Carnegie Paper, December 2011
    Tunisia's Economic Challenges

    Tunisian policymakers should seize the opportunity to pursue an innovative economic strategy to overcome four key challenges: high rates of youth unemployment, a large number of marginal jobs, increasing income inequality, and substantial regional disparities.

  • Carnegie Paper, December 2011
    Salafis and Sufis in Egypt

    The spectrum of political Islam in Egypt now includes the Muslim Brotherhood, several conservative Salafi parties, and two Sufi political parties. Although these groups share a common foundation in Islam, there the similarity ends.

  • Carnegie Paper, July 2011
    The Battle of Dubai: The United Arab Emirates and the U.S.-Iran Cold War

    If the United States and the United Arab Emirates seek to move beyond sanctions and military containment to address the deeper roots of the Iranian threat, they may find they have differing long-term interests.

  • Video Q&A, June 14, 2011
    Higher Stakes in Yemen

    The sooner Yemen can move past the current political crisis, the sooner its serious challenges of poor governance, unemployment, resource depletion, and a collapsing economy can be tackled.

  • Carnegie Paper, December 2011
    From Inspiration to Aspiration: Turkey in the New Middle East

    The Turkish model of governance can have a significant impact in the Arab world if it is presented in a nuanced, careful way—sector by sector and issue by issue rather than in any wholesale fashion.

  • Carnegie Paper, May 2011
    A Decade of Struggling Reform Efforts in Jordan: The Resilience of the Rentier System

    Efforts at reform in Jordan have been blocked by a resilient class of political elites and bureaucrats, who fear that such efforts would move the country away from a decades old rentier system to a merit-based one.

  • Video Q&A, June 21, 2011
    U.S.-Saudi Relations in the Shadow of the Arab Spring

    Tensions between the United States and Saudi Arabia are seemingly on the rise as protests continue to roil the Arab world. Some fear that an unfriendly relationship with Riyadh will damage Washington’s interests in the region.

  • Carnegie Paper, February 2011
    Policing the People, Building the State: Authoritarian Transformation in the West Bank and Gaza

    In both the West Bank and Gaza, security sector rebuilding and restructuring occurs without democratic governance and a constitutional order, which threatens not only the region's long-term security but also the ability to achieve Palestinian statehood.

  • Carnegie Paper, December 2010
    Morocco’s Experience With Poverty Reduction: Lessons for the Arab World

    While Morocco’s poverty rate has fallen by more than 40 percent in the last decade, the country’s leaders must reconsider their poverty-reduction strategy if they want to sustain the positive trend and overcome remaining challenges.

  • Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010
    Yemen on The Brink

    Without addressing Yemen's immediate security challenges—including a civil war in the North, a secessionist movement in the South, and a resurgent al-Qaeda organization—the country's long-term economic and governance issues cannot be resolved.

  • Book Review, January 12, 2010
    Getting to Pluralism: Political Actors in the Arab World

    The book is the best offering for an overview of Arab politics. It offers important ideas for policy and also a great general overview. Accessible language as well as direct flow of information, make the book a comfortable read.

  • Report, March 2008 - New Foreword, December 2009
    Reading Khamenei: The World View of Iran's Most Powerful Leader

    There is perhaps no leader in the world more important to current world affairs but less known and understood than Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran. In a unique and timely new study Carnegie’s Karim Sadjadpour presents an in-depth political profile of Khamenei based on a careful reading of three decades' worth of his writings and speeches.

 

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From Carnegie's Global Network

Syrian Regime Cannot Conceal An Economy in Rapid Decline

Ibrahim Saif
Tuesday, May 22, 2012

No one is fully knowledgeable about the state of the Syrian economy, how exactly it has been affected by the events taking place in the country, or how to interpret the choice economic indicators issued by Syrian officials.

Future Challenges for U.S.-China Relations

Michael D. Swaine, Yan Xuetong, Paul Haenle, John Pomfret, Yuan Peng
Tuesday, April 17, 2012

The U.S. pivot to the Asia-Pacific has created both tension and opportunity in its relations with China.

Saving the Euro without Losing the Europeans

Stefan Lehne
Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Eurozone; Euro Crisis The gap between the efforts to deepen integration in order to save the euro and what most people really think should happen is wider than it has ever been before.

Why I'm Optimistic About Putin's 4th Term

Nikolay Petrov
Monday, May 21, 2012

The Russian political system is likely to undergo some changes this year, perhaps even serious ones — not because Putin wants them, but because elements of Putin's inner circle are convinced that the government must take some of the protesters' demands seriously.

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